سوالات زبان عمومی دکتری وزارت بهداشت 1404 – تشریحی

سوالات زبان عمومی دکتری وزارت بهداشت در سال 1404 را برای شما داوطلبان این آزمون همراه با پاسخ تشریحی آماده کردیم. سوالات در حال تکمیل شدن است.

جامع ترین بسته زبان عمومی کنکور دکتری وزارت بهداشت

Reading comprehension :Passage 1

Artificial Intelligence (AI) is revolutionizing healthcare by enhancing diagnostic accuracy, personalizing treatment plans, and streamlining administrative tasks. In diagnostics, AI algorithms analyze medical images such as X-rays and MRIs with remarkable precision, often surpassing human radiologists in detecting anomalies like tumors or fractures. For instance, machine learning models trained on vast datasets can identify early signs of diseases such as cancer or Alzheimer’s, enabling timely interventions that improve patient outcomes. Moreover, AI-powered predictive analytics forecast disease outbreaks and patient deteriorations, allowing healthcare providers to allocate resources more efficiently. In treatment personalization, AI systems process genetic information and medical histories to recommend tailored therapies, reducing the trial-and-error approach in prescribing medications. This not only minimizes adverse effects but also optimizes recovery times. Administrative applications of AI include automating scheduling, billing, and electronic health record management, which reduces paperwork and frees up medical staff to focus on patient care. However, the integration of AI in healthcare raises ethical concerns, including data privacy, algorithmic bias, and the potential displacement of jobs. Ensuring that AI systems are trained on diverse datasets is crucial to avoid biases that could disproportionately affect minority groups. Additionally, robust cybersecurity measures are essential to protect sensitive patient information from breaches. Despite these challenges, the benefits of AI in healthcare are substantial, promising a future where medical care is more accessible, efficient, and effective. Governments and organizations are investing heavily in AI research to harness its potential while addressing the associated risks. As AI continues to evolve, its role in healthcare will likely expand, incorporating advanced technologies like natural language processing for better doctorpatient communication and robotics for surgical precision. Ultimately, AI has the potential to democratize healthcare, making high-quality medical services available to underserved populations around the world.

116- It is stated that artificial intelligence …………………….. in diagnostics.
a) outperforms human experts in finding masses and broken bones
b) helps reduce the workload of administrative staff
c) assists in tailoring treatment plans to individual patients
d) forecasts abnormal bone fractures and cancerous tumors

117- As regards the predictive models, AI can help practitioners ……………………..
a) enhance patient deterioration and disease epidemics
b) train hospital databases and warn about diseases
c) take well-timed actions to treat patients
d) enable datasets to identify initial signs of diseases

118- In personalized treatment, artificial intelligence ……………………..
a) helps doctors pile up patient records
b) minimizes the accuracy of hospital billing systems
c) reduces guesswork in ordering proper medication
d) prevents routine access to patient records

119- The ethical concern to avoid affecting minority groups requires ……………………..
a) taking security measures to safeguard patient communication
b) using varied datasets to help prevent bias algorithms
c) protecting such groups against job displacement
d) undermining healthcare issues proportionately

120- AI helps the democratization of healthcare by ……………………..
a) improving doctor-patient communication through speech recognition tools
b) eliminating the need for government supervision on AI development
c) reducing the cost of robotic equipment used in potential surgeries
d) making advanced medical services more accessible to deprived communities

Passage 2:
Health inequality refers to the systematic differences in health outcomes and access to healthcare services among different population groups, often influenced by socioeconomic status, race, geography, and education. In many countries, individuals from lower-income backgrounds experience higher rates of chronic diseases such as diabetes, heart disease, and obesity due to limited access to nutritious food, safe environments for physical activity, and preventive medical care. For example, urban-rural divides exacerbate these disparities, with rural populations facing shortages of healthcare providers and longer travel times to facilities, leading to delayed diagnoses and poorer prognoses. Racial and ethnic minorities frequently encounter barriers like discrimination within healthcare systems, cultural insensitivity, and language obstacles, which contribute to lower vaccination rates and higher maternal mortality. Education plays a pivotal role; those with higher education levels are more likely to understand health information, adhere to treatment regimens, and seek timely care, whereas less educated individuals may misunderstand symptoms or avoid seeking help due to stigma. Economic factors compound these issues, as low-wage workers often lack health insurance or cannot afford outof-pocket expenses, resulting in untreated conditions that worsen over time. Governments and organizations are attempting to address health inequality through policies like expanding public health insurance, investing in community health centers, and promoting health education campaigns targeted at vulnerable groups. However, challenges persist, including political resistance to funding increases and the slow pace of systemic change. Technological advancements, such as telemedicine, offer promise in bridging geographical gaps, but digital divides—where low-income or elderly populations lack internet access—can inadvertently widen inequalities. Ultimately, reducing health inequality requires a multifaceted approach involving policy reform, community engagement, and equitable resource distribution to ensure that all individuals, regardless of background, can achieve optimal health outcomes and live longer, healthier lives.

121- This reading passage mainly discusses ……………………..
a) the roles of technology in healthcare
b) impacts of urban living on healthcare
c) advantages of higher education levels in health
d) causes of and solutions to health disparities

122- It is stated in the passage that health inequality is influenced by ……………………..
a) disease stigma
b) socioeconomic condition
c) elderly access to telemedicine
d) political resistance

123- Governments reduce health inequality by ……………………..
a) educating individuals with equitable resources
b) increasing out of pocket expenses
c) adhering to treatment regimens
d) expanding community health facilities

124- Which of the following is NOT mentioned as an obstacle to racial minorities?
a) Cultural insensitivity
b) Communication issues
c) Understanding health information
d) Inequality of health care services

125- It is inferred that technological advancements are hindered by ……………………..
a) digital divides
b) equitable resource
c) internet access
d) policy reform

Complete the following sentences, choosing the most appropriate answer (1, 2, 3, or 4).

126. The medication ……….. the virus from reproducing in the body.
a) generates
b) inhibits
c) scatters
d) radiates

127. His appendix ……. leading to emergency surgery.
a) ruptured
b) nurtured
c) alleviated
d) ameliorated

128. Doctors often ……… treatment plans to each patient’s unique health profile.
a) predispose
b) generalize
c) customize
d) expose

129. Evidence-based research ……….. modern medical practices which, in turn, strengthens the efficacy of treatment plans.
a) depreciates
b) undermines
c) debilitates
d) underpins

130. Elderly patients are ………. falls due to physical weakness, so they need extra care and attention.
a) content with
b) amazed with
c) adjacent to
d) prone to

سوال ۱۲۶
ترجمه: این دارو تکثیر ویروس در بدن را …………. .

گزینه‌ها:
a) تولید می‌کند
b) مهار می‌کند
c) پخش می‌کند
d) منتشر می‌کند

پاسخ صحیح، گزینه b است.

فعل inhibit در پزشکی به معنای «جلوگیری کردن»، «متوقف کردن» یا «مهار کردن» است.
در این تست هم دارو مانع از تکثیر ویروس در بدن می‌شود.

· گزینه‌های دیگر:
· generate (تولید کردن)
· scatter (پراکنده کردن، پخش کردن)
· radiate (منتشر کردن)
(معمولاً برای انرژی یا اشعه بکار می‌رود.)

سوال ۱۲۷
ترجمه: آپاندیس او ……… که منجر به عمل جراحی اورژانسی شد.

گزینه‌ها:
a) پاره شد
b) پرورش یافت
c) تسکین یافت
d) بهبود یافت

پاسخ، گزینه a است.

· rupture
به معنای «پاره شدن، ترکیدن» است (به ویژه در مورد اندام‌های بدن مانند آپاندیس بکار می‌رود).

· پاره شدن آپاندیس هم یک وضعیت اورژانسی است که نیاز به عمل فوری دارد.

· گزینه‌های دیگر:
· nurture
(پرورش دادن)، برای رشد یا تربیت استفاده می‌شود
· alleviate
(تسکین دادن)، به معنای کاهش درد یا مشکل است.
· ameliorate
(بهبود بخشیدن)، به معنای بهتر کردن شرایط است.

سوال ۱۲۸
ترجمه: پزشکان اغلب برنامه‌های درمانی را برای پروفایل سلامت منحصر به فرد هر بیمار ……… .

گزینه‌ها:
a) مستعد می‌کنند
b) تعمیم می‌دهند
c) سفارشی می‌کنند
d) در معرض قرار می‌دهند

پاسخ صحیح، گزینه c است.

· فعل customize به معنای «سفارشی کردن، تنظیم کردن بر اساس نیازهای خاص» است.
· در پزشکی، برنامه‌های درمانی اغلب بر اساس شرایط خاص هر بیمار تنظیم می‌شوند.

· سایر گزینه‌ها:
· predispose
(مستعد کردن)، به معنای افزایش احتمال یک وضعیت است.
· generalize
(تعمیم دادن)، نقطه مقابل و متضاد «سفارشی کردن» است.
· expose
(در معرض قرار دادن)، معمولاً برای خطرات یا عوامل بیماری‌زا بکار می‌رود.

سوال ۱۲۹
ترجمه: تحقیقات مبتنی بر شواهد، روش‌های پزشکی مدرن را …………، که به نوبه خود، کارآیی برنامه‌های درمانی را افزایش می‌دهد.

گزینه‌ها:
a) کاهش می‌دهد
b) تضعیف می‌کند
c) ضعیف می‌کند
d) پایه‌ریزی می‌کند

پاسخ صحیح، گزینه d است.

· underpin
به معنای «پشتیبانی کردن، تقویت کردن، پایه‌گذاری کردن» است.
· تحقیقات مبتنی بر شواهد، پایه و اساس روش‌های پزشکی مدرن را تشکیل می‌دهند.

· سایر گزینه‌ها معنای متضاد دارند:
· depreciate (کاهش ارزش دادن)
· undermine (تضعیف کردن)
· debilitate (ضعیف کردن)

سوال ۱۳۰
ترجمه: بیماران سالمند بدلیل ضعف جسمانی، ……… زمین خوردن هستند، بنابراین به مراقبت و توجه بیشتری نیاز دارند.
گزینه‌ها:
a) راضی از
b) شگفت‌زده از
c) مجاور
d) ِمستعد

پاسخ صحیح، گزینه d است.

· اصطلاح prone to یک عبارت ثابت به معنای «مستعد چیزی بودن» است.
· در این جمله، سالمندان بدلیل ضعف جسمانی، مستعد زمین خوردن هستند.

· سایر گزینه‌ها:
· content with
(راضی از)، ارتباطی با مفهوم ندارد.
· amazed with
(شگفت‌زده از)

· adjacent to
(مجاور)، به معنای نزدیک بودن فیزیکی است.